When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice

Published by New York University Press 1999

When Sorry Isn't Enough

The Controversy Over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice

Edited by: Roy L. Brooks

Volume 10 in the series Critical America

https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814739471.001.0001

Overview
Contents

About this book

Leading scholars, activists, and political leaders on being victim's of the world's worst atrocities

"How much compensation ought to be paid to a woman who was raped 7,500 times? What would the members of the Commission want for their daughters if their daughters had been raped even once?"—Karen Parker, speaking before the U.N. Commission on Human Rights

Seemingly every week, a new question arises relative to the current worldwide ferment over human injustices. Why does the U.S. offer $20,000 atonement money to Japanese Americans relocated to concentration camps during World War II, while not even apologizing to African Americans for 250 years of human bondage and another century of institutionalized discrimination? How can the U.S. and Canada best grapple with the genocidal campaigns against Native Americans on which their countries were founded? How should Japan make amends to Korean "comfort women" sexually enslaved during World War II? Why does South Africa deem it necessary to grant amnesty to whites who tortured and murdered blacks under apartheid? Is Germany's highly praised redress program, which has paid billions of dollars to Jews worldwide, a success, and, as such, an example for others?More generally, is compensation for a historical wrong dangerous "blood money" that allows a nation to wash its hands forever of its responsibility to those it has injured?

A rich collection of essays from leading scholars, pundits, activists, and political leaders the world over, many written expressly for this volume, When Sorry Isn't Enough also includes the voices of the victims of some of the world's worst atrocities, thereby providing a panoramic perspective on an international controversy often marked more by heat than reason.

Author / Editor information

Brooks Roy L. :

Roy L. Brooks is Warren Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of San Diego and author, most recently, of Critical Procedure and Integration or Separation?: A Strategy for Racial Equality.

Reviews

Not only provides a neat blend of scholarship, but it also focuses on a topic that is (or should be) of vital importance to human rights.

Topics

Frontmatter Publicly Available Download PDF	i
Contents Publicly Available Download PDF	ix
Preface Publicly Available Download PDF	xix
PART 1. Introduction
1 The Age of Apology Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	3
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	12
PART 2. Nazi Persecution
Introduction
2 A Reparations Success Story? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	17
The Scope of Persecution
3 The German Third Reich and Its Victims: Nazi Ideology Alan Davies Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	23
Holocaust Narratives
4 Memories of My Childhood in the Holocaust Judith Jaegermann Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	33
5 The Human “Guinea Pigs” of Ravensbrück Wanda Poltawska Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	43
6 Stranger in Exile Ruth Levor Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	47
The National Security Defense
7 Putative National Security Defense: Extracts from the Testimony of Nazi SS Group Leader Otto Ohlendorf Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	51
German Reparations
8 German Compensation for National Socialist Crimes: United States Department of Justice Foreign Claims Settlement Commission Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	61
9 Romani Victims of the Holocaust and Swiss Complicity Ian Hancock Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	68
10 German Reparations: Institutionalized Insufficiency Hubert Kim Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	77
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	81
PART 3. Comfort Women
Introduction
11 What Form Redress? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	87
The Comfort Women System
12 The Jugun Ianfu System Karen Parker and Jennifer F. Chew Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	95
13 Comfort Women Narratives: Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	101
14 The Nanking Massacre Iris Chang Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	104
15 Japan’s Official Responses to Nanking Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	109
The Redress Movement
16 The Comfort Women Redress Movement George Hicks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	113
17 Japan’s Official Responses to Reparations Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	126
A Legal Analysis of Reparations
18 Japan’s Settlement of the Post–World War II Reparations and Claims Tetsuo Ito Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	135
19 Reparations: A Legal Analysis Karen Parker and Jennifer F. Chew Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	141
An American Response
20 Lipinski Resolution Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	149
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	151
PART 4. Japanese Americans
Introduction
21 Japanese American Redress and the American Political Process: A Unique Achievement? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	157
The Internment Experience
22 The Internment of Americans of Japanese Ancestry Sandra Taylor Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	165
23 Executive Order 9066: Authorizing the Secretary of War to Prescribe Military Areas Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	169
24 Report of the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	171
25 Japanese American Narratives Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	177
The Redress Movement
26 Relocation, Redress, and the Report: A Historical Appraisal Roger Daniels Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	183
Forms of Redress
27 Redress Achieved, 1983–1990 Roger Daniels Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	189
28 Institutions and Interest Groups: Understanding the Passage of the Japanese American Redress Bill Leslie T. Hatamiya Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	190
29 Proclamation 4417: Confirming the Termination of the Executive Order Authorizing Japanese-American Internment Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	201
30 Response to Criticisms of Monetary Redress Roger Daniels Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	203
31 Testimony of Representative Norman Y. Mineta Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	205
32 German Americans, Italian Americans, and the Constitutionality of Reparations: Jacobs v. Barr Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	206
33 The Case of the Japanese Peruvians Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	217
34 Letters from John J. McCloy and Karl R. Bendetsen Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	222
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	228
PART 5. Native Americans
Introduction
35 Wild Redress? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	233
The Native American Experience
36 Native American Reparations: Five Hundred Years and Counting Laurence Armand French Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	241
Native American Narratives
37 The Killing of Big Snake, a Ponca Chief, October 31, 1879 Hairy Bear Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	251
38 The Massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, December 29, 1890 Turning Hawk and American Horse Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	252
39 How the Indians Are Victimized by Government Agents and Soldiers Palaneapope Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	254
40 Forced Removal of the Winnebago Indians, Nebraska, October 3, 1865 Little Hill Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	257
The Redress Movement: Land Claim Litigation
41 Indian Claims for Reparations, Compensation, and Restitution in the United States Legal System Nell Jessup Newton Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	261
The Redress Movement: Land Claim Legislation
42 The True Nature of Congress’s Power over Indian Claims: An Essay on Venetie and the Uses of Silence in Federal Indian Law Robert A. Williams Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	273
Repatriation of Religious and Cultural Artifacts
43 Repatriation Must Heal Old Wounds Rick Hill Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	283
Wealth, Redistribution, and Sovereignty
44 Office of the Governor, Pete Wilson, State of California, Press Release Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	291
45 Statement of the Honorable Anthony R. Pico, Chairman, Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians, Press Conference Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	294
46 The Distribution of Wealth, Sovereignty, and Culture through Indian Gaming Naomi Mezey Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	298
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	304
PART 6. Slavery
Introduction
47 Not Even an Apology? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	309
The Slave and the Free Black Experience
48 The Legal Status of African Americans during the Colonial Period A. Leon Higginbotham Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	317
49 African Americans under the Antebellum Constitution: Supreme Court of the United States Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	325
50 Slave Narratives Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	327
51 Remembering Slavery Jennifer Fleischner Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	333
52 Life as a Free Black James Grahame Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	336
The Redress Movement
53 The Growing Movement for Reparations Joe R. Feagin and Eileen O’Brien Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	341
Forms of Redress: Apology
54 Why the North and South Should Have Apologized James Grahame Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	347
55 Defense of Congressional Resolution Apologizing for Slavery Tony P. Hall Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	350
56 Clinton Opposes Slavery Apology Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	352
57 Ask Camille: Camille Paglia’s Online Advice for the Culturally Disgruntled Camille Paglia Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	353
58 The Atlantic Slave Trade: On Both Sides, Reason for Remorse Howard W. French Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	355
59 They Didn’t March to Free the Slaves Robert S. McElvaine Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	358
60 Lincoln Apologizes Thomas Geoghegan Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	360
Forms of Redress: Reparations
61 Special Field Order No. 15: “Forty Acres and a Mule” Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	365
62 The Commission to Study Reparations Proposals John Conyers Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	367
63 Clinton and Conservatives Oppose Slavery Reparations Mary E. Smith Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	370
64 Collective Rehabilitation Darrell L. Pugh Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	372
65 The Constitutionality of Black Reparations Boris I. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	374
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	390
PART 7. Jim Crow
Introduction
66 Redress for Racism? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	395
The Jim Crow Experience
67 The Triumph of White Supremacy John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	401
Jim Crow Narratives
68 Jim Crow Narratives Abby Snyder Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	407
Forms of Redress
69 The United States Has Already Apologized for Racial Discrimination Bernard H. Siegan Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	413
70 The Long-Overdue Reparations for African Americans: Necessary for Societal Survival? Joe R. Feagin and Eileen O’Brien Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	417
71 Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans C. J. Munford Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	422
72 Repatriation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim-Crowism Robert Johnson Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	427
73 Rosewood Kenneth B. Nunn Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	435
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	438
PART 8. South Africa
Introduction
74 What Price Reconciliation? Roy L. Brooks Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	443
The Apartheid Experience
75 African National Congress Statement to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	451
Apartheid Narratives
76 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Testimony of Jeffrey T. Benzien Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	457
77 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Amnesty Hearing: Affidavit and Testimony of Bassie Mkhumbuzi Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	461
The Redress Movement
78 Alternatives and Adjuncts to Criminal Prosecutions Alexander Boraine Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	469
Forms of Redress
79 Summary of Anti-Amnesty Case: Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO) and Others v. The President of the Republic of South Africa Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	477
80 Justice after Apartheid? Reflections on the South African TRC Wilhelm Verwoerd Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	479
81 Will the Amnesty Process Foster Reconciliation among South Africans? Emily H. McCarthy Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	487
82 Healing Racial Wounds? The Final Report of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission Eric K. Yamamoto and Susan K. Serrano Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	492
83 Introductory Notes to the Presentation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Proposed Reparation and Rehabilitation Policies Hlengiwe Mkhize Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	501
84 Truth and Reconciliation Commission Hearing, Testimony of Former President F. W. de Klerk Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	505
85 Affirmative Action as Reparation for Past Employment Discrimination in South Africa: Imperfect and Complex Linda Human Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	506
Suggested Readings Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	510
Appendix: Selected List of Other Human Injustices Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	511
Contributors Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	515
Permissions Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	521
Index Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	523
About the Editor Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	536

Language: English
Publisher: New York University Press
Audience: Professional and scholarly;

eBook

Published: June 1, 1999
ISBN: 9780814739471