Under the Radar: Cancer and the Cold War

Ellen Leopold

Published by Rutgers University Press 2008

Under the Radar

Cancer and the Cold War

Ellen Leopold

In the series Critical Issues in Health and Medicine

https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813545653

Overview
Contents

About this book

At the end of the Second World War, a diagnosis of cancer was a death sentence. Sixty years later, it is considered a chronic disease rather than one that is invariably fatal. Although survival rates have improved, the very word continues to evoke a special terror and guilt, inspiring scientists and politicians to wage war against it.

In Under the Radar, Ellen Leopold shows how nearly every aspect of our understanding and discussion of cancer bears the imprint of its Cold War entanglement. The current biases toward individual rather than corporate responsibility for rising incidence rates, research that promotes treatment rather than prevention, and therapies that can be patented and marketed all reflect a largely hidden history shaped by the Cold War. Even the language we use to describe the disease, such as the guiding metaphor for treatment, "fight fire with fire," can be traced back to the middle of the twentieth century.

Writing in a lucid style, Leopold documents the military, governmental, industrial, and medical views of radiation and atomic energy to examine the postwar response to cancer through the prism of the Cold War. She explores the role of radiation in cancer therapies today, using case studies and mammogram screening, in particular, to highlight the surprising parallels. Taking into account a wide array of disciplines, this book challenges our understanding of cancer and how we approach its treatment.

Examines the postwar response to cancer through the prism of the Cold War
Goes beyond medical science to look at the influence of Cold War policies on the way we think about cancer today
Links the experience of postwar cancer patients with the broader evolution of what have become cancer industries
Traces the history of human-made radiation as a state-sponsored environmental toxin

Author / Editor information

Ellen Leopold is the author of A Darker Ribbon: Breast Cancer, Women, and Their Doctors in the Twentieth Century, and coauthor of The World of Consumption. She has written on the subject of the politics of health care for The Nation, American Prospect, Women's Review of Books and the Chicago Tribune.

Reviews

"Leopold does for our understanding of radiation what Rachel Carson did for our understanding of the indiscriminate use of chemicals in our society. The consequences are equally stunning and disheartening. This book will change how you see the medical world."

— Barbara A. Brenner, executive director, Breast Cancer Action

"Ellen Leopold's penetrating, many-layered account of how Cold War metaphors and priorities distorted the treatment of cancer is a bloodcurdling study in fear, cynicism, exploitation, and relentless propaganda. Her exposure of the conflation of political and economic ideology with medicine is thoroughly original and genuinely gripping."

— Katherine Powers, Academic Matters

"A wide-ranging and compelling analysis of the sometimes murky political, economic, and cultural forces behind [Irma Natanson's fate—and our own. Under the Radar provides insight and provides a timely reminder and warning to us all about the cancerous environment in which we live."

— Journal of the History of Medicine

"This highly readable book, thoroughly contextualized in the era of the cold war, covers key material in understanding the scientific and military roles in the evolution of radiation therapy since mid century. This book makes a significant contribution to our understanding of radiation, cancer radiation therapies of mid-twentieth century, and medicine at the height of its paternalistic power."

— Nursing History Review

"Opens up a promising new era for postwar history of medical research policy, clinical experimentation, and bioethics."

— Bulletin of the History of Medicine

"Under the Radar is a brilliantly researched, lucidly written book on a subject that is literally the life-and-death issue for twenty-first century America: Cancer treatment."

— Edward Jay Epstein, author of The Big Picture: The New Logic of Money and Power in Hollywood

"Under the Radar: Cancer and the Cold War is a very well researched and presented documentation of the expansion of the Military-Industrial-Complex to include (perhaps unknowingly) the medical profession. It should be an eye-opener for the warriors, entrepreneurs, governors, and medical professionals—who are also the consumers of 'medicine' in this 21st century America."

— Dr. Rosalie Bertell, Ph.D., Member of the International Science Oversight Board

"...[a] well documented, informative expose of the relationship between Cold War politics and cancer research and treatment."

— The Source: Breast Cancer Action Newsletter

"Under the Radar is well researched, provocative, and highly readable. This is a thoughtful work that deserves wide readership."

— Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law

"Compelling prose renders Under the Radar a readable exploration of the connections between Cold War thinking, politics and institutions, and American medicine's efforts to manage cancer. This breadth of focus makes for a thought provoking book."

— Times Higher Education

Topics

Frontmatter Publicly Available Download PDF	i
Contents Publicly Available Download PDF	vii
Preface Publicly Available Download PDF	ix
Introduction Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	1
Chapter 1. Double Jeopardy: Cancer and “Cure” Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	30
Chapter 2. The Court Considers Informed Consent Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	42
Chapter 3. The Rise of Radioactive Cobalt Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	59
Chapter 4. The Cobalt Back Story: “A Little of the Buchenwald Touch” Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	80
Chapter 5. Behind the Fallout Controversy: The Public, the Press, and Conflicts of Interest Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	109
Chapter 6. Cancer and Fallout: Science by Circumvention Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	131
Chapter 7. Paradise Lost: Radiation Enters the Mainstream Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	147
Chapter 8. Subdued by the System: Cancer in the Courts, Compensation, and the Changing Concept of Risk Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	164
Chapter 9. Hidden Assassin: The Individual at Fault Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	191
Chapter 10. Experiments by Other Means: Clinical Trials and the Primacy of Treatment over Prevention Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	207
Notes Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	235
Index Requires Authentication Unlicensed Licensed Download PDF	275

Language: English
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Audience: General/trade;
Pages
- Main content: 312
Illustrations
- Other: 6

eBook

Published: September 3, 2008
ISBN: 9780813545653